{"id":1591,"date":"2020-06-09T18:36:33","date_gmt":"2020-06-09T10:36:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/39.97.231.10\/?p=1591"},"modified":"2020-06-09T18:36:33","modified_gmt":"2020-06-09T10:36:33","slug":"kubernetes-service","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.weijing.co\/?p=1591","title":{"rendered":"Kubernetes Service"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\\\"entry-header\\\"><\/header>\n<div class=\\\"entry-content\\\">\nKubernetes\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u662f\u6709\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u751f\u547d\u5c31\u6c38\u8fdc\u7ed3\u675f\u3002 \u901a\u8fc7\u00a0ReplicationController\u00a0\u80fd\u591f\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u00a0Pod\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u7f29\u5bb9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6267\u884c\u00a0\u6eda\u52a8\u5347\u7ea7\uff09\u3002 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u90fd\u4f1a\u83b7\u53d6\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b IP \u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u53ef\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u3002 \u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5728 Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u7ec4\u00a0Pod\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a backend\uff09\u4e3a\u5176\u5b83\u00a0Pod\u00a0\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a frontend\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u90a3\u4e9b frontend \u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fd9\u7ec4\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b backend \u5462\uff1f<br \/>\n\u5173\u4e8e\u00a0Service<br \/>\nKubernetes\u00a0Service\u00a0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7b56\u7565 \u2014\u2014 \u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec4\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u00a0Service\u00a0\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u00a0Label Selector\uff08\u67e5\u770b\u4e0b\u9762\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6ca1\u6709 selector \u7684\u00a0Service\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u7247\u5904\u7406 backend\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd0\u884c\u4e863\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u526f\u672c\u662f\u53ef\u4e92\u6362\u7684 \u2014\u2014 frontend \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u5b83\u4eec\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u54ea\u4e2a backend \u526f\u672c\u3002 \u7136\u800c\u7ec4\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec4 backend \u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0cfrontend \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4e5f\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ec4 backend \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u00a0Service\u00a0\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u8026\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u8054\u3002<br \/>\n\u5bf9 Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0cKubernetes \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u00a0Endpoints\u00a0API\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u00a0Service\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u66f4\u65b0\u3002 \u5bf9\u975e Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0cKubernetes \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e VIP \u7684\u7f51\u6865\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u00a0Service\uff0c\u518d\u7531\u00a0Service\u00a0\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230 backend\u00a0Pod\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\\\"\u5b9a\u4e49-service\\\"><span id=\\\"_Service\\\">\u5b9a\u4e49 Service<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0Service\u00a0\u5728 Kubernetes \u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a REST \u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u548c\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002 \u50cf\u6240\u6709\u7684 REST \u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u00a0Service\u00a0\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e POST \u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42 apiserver \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u00a0Pod\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u5916\u66b4\u9732\u4e86 9376 \u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u88ab\u6253\u4e0a\u00a0\\&#8221;app=MyApp\\&#8221;\u00a0\u6807\u7b7e\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<pre>kind: Service\napiVersion: v1\nmetadata:\n  name: my-service\nspec:\n  selector:\n    app: MyApp\n  ports:\n    - protocol: TCP\n      port: 80\n      targetPort: 9376\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u914d\u7f6e\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a \u201cmy-service\u201d \u7684\u00a0Service\u00a0\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u4f7f\u7528 TCP \u7aef\u53e3 9376\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u6807\u7b7e\u00a0\\&#8221;app=MyApp\\&#8221;\u00a0\u7684\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u4e0a\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u00a0Service\u00a0\u5c06\u88ab\u6307\u6d3e\u4e00\u4e2a IP \u5730\u5740\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a \u201cCluster IP\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\uff09\u3002 \u8be5\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684 selector \u5c06\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u88ab POST \u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a \u201cmy-service\u201d \u7684\u00a0Endpoints\u00a0\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u3002<br \/>\n\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u00a0Service\u00a0\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u53e3\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u00a0targetPort\u3002 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0ctargetPort\u00a0\u5c06\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4e0e\u00a0port\u00a0\u5b57\u6bb5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u503c\u3002 \u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0ctargetPort\u00a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u4e86 backend\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u6307\u6d3e\u7ed9\u8be5\u7aef\u53e3\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a backend\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u00a0Service\u00a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 backend \u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fee\u6539 Pod \u66b4\u9732\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e2d\u65ad\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u3002<br \/>\nKubernetes\u00a0Service\u00a0\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301\u00a0TCP\u00a0\u548c\u00a0UDP\u00a0\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u00a0TCP\u00a0\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\\\"\u6ca1\u6709-selector-\u7684-service\\\"><span id=\\\"_selector_Service\\\">\u6ca1\u6709 selector \u7684 Service<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Servcie \u62bd\u8c61\u4e86\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u8bbf\u95ee Kubernetes\u00a0Pod\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u62bd\u8c61\u5176\u5b83\u7c7b\u578b\u7684 backend\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u4f46\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5e0c\u671b\u670d\u52a1\u6307\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0Namespace\u00a0\u4e2d\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6b63\u5728\u5c06\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230 Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4\u4e4b\u5916\u7684 backend\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u5b9a\u4e49\u6ca1\u6709 selector \u7684\u00a0Service\u00a0\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<pre>kind: Service\napiVersion: v1\nmetadata:\n  name: my-service\nspec:\n  ports:\n    - protocol: TCP\n      port: 80\n      targetPort: 9376\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u00a0Service\u00a0\u6ca1\u6709 selector\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u00a0Endpoints\u00a0\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u5c06\u00a0Service\u00a0\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u00a0Endpoints\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<pre>kind: Endpoints\napiVersion: v1\nmetadata:\n  name: my-service\nsubsets:\n  - addresses:\n      - ip: 1.2.3.4\n    ports:\n      - port: 9376\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1aEndpoint IP \u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u80fd\u662f loopback\uff08127.0.0.0\/8\uff09\u3001 link-local\uff08169.254.0.0\/16\uff09\u3001\u6216\u8005 link-local \u591a\u64ad\uff08224.0.0.0\/24\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u8bbf\u95ee\u6ca1\u6709 selector \u7684\u00a0Service\uff0c\u4e0e\u6709 selector \u7684\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u539f\u7406\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c06\u88ab\u8def\u7531\u5230\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 Endpoint\uff08\u8be5\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4e3a\u00a01.2.3.4:9376\uff09\u3002<br \/>\nExternalName\u00a0Service\u00a0\u662f\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709 selector\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u548c Endpoint\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u96c6\u7fa4\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u5916\u90e8\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u522b\u540d\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<pre>kind: Service\napiVersion: v1\nmetadata:\n  name: my-service\n  namespace: prod\nspec:\n  type: ExternalName\n  externalName: my.database.example.com\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5f53\u67e5\u8be2\u4e3b\u673a\u00a0my-service.prod.svc.CLUSTER\u65f6\uff0c\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684 DNS \u670d\u52a1\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u4e3a\u00a0my.database.example.com\u00a0\u7684\u00a0CNAME\u00a0\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002 \u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u53d1\u751f\u5728 DNS \u5c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u7406\u6216\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u540e\u7eed\u51b3\u5b9a\u8981\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230 Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684 Pod\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5408\u9002\u7684 Selector \u6216 Endpoint\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u00a0type\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\\\"vip-\u548c-service-\u4ee3\u7406\\\"><span id=\\\"VIP_Service\\\">VIP \u548c Service \u4ee3\u7406<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u5728 Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a Node \u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0kube-proxy\u00a0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002kube-proxy\u00a0\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e3a\u00a0Service\u00a0\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd VIP\uff08\u865a\u62df IP\uff09\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u00a0ExternalName\u00a0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 \u5728 Kubernetes v1.0 \u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u5b8c\u5168\u5728 userspace\u3002\u5728 Kubernetes v1.1 \u7248\u672c\uff0c\u65b0\u589e\u4e86 iptables \u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 \u4ece Kubernetes v1.2 \u8d77\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5c31\u662f iptables \u4ee3\u7406\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728 Kubernetes v1.0 \u7248\u672c\uff0cService\u00a0\u662f \u201c4\u5c42\u201d\uff08TCP\/UDP over IP\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 \u5728 Kubernetes v1.1 \u7248\u672c\uff0c\u65b0\u589e\u4e86\u00a0Ingress\u00a0API\uff08beta \u7248\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a \u201c7\u5c42\u201d\uff08HTTP\uff09\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\\\"userspace-\u4ee3\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\\\"><span id=\\\"userspace\\\">userspace \u4ee3\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0ckube-proxy \u4f1a\u76d1\u89c6 Kubernetes master \u5bf9\u00a0Service\u00a0\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u00a0Endpoints\u00a0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u79fb\u9664\u3002 \u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u00a0Service\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u672c\u5730 Node \u4e0a\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\uff09\u3002 \u4efb\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u201c\u4ee3\u7406\u7aef\u53e3\u201d\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684backend\u00a0Pods\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e0a\u9762\uff08\u5982\u00a0Endpoints\u00a0\u6240\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff09\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a backend\u00a0Pod\uff0c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u00a0SessionAffinity\u00a0\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002 \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5b89\u88c5 iptables \u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u6355\u83b7\u5230\u8fbe\u8be5\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u00a0clusterIP\uff08\u662f\u865a\u62df IP\uff09\u548c\u00a0Port\u00a0\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4ee3\u7406\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u7aef\u53e3\u518d\u4ee3\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230 backend\u00a0Pod\u3002<br \/>\n\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5230\u8fbe\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684 IP:Port \u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684 backend\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u77e5\u9053\u5173\u4e8e Kubernetes\u3001Service\u3001\u6216\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<br \/>\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 round-robin \u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u9009\u62e9 backend\u00a0Pod\u3002 \u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef IP \u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4eb2\u548c\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u00a0service.spec.sessionAffinity\u00a0\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u00a0\\&#8221;ClientIP\\&#8221;\u00a0\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a\u00a0\\&#8221;None\\&#8221;\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n<img src=\\\"https:\/\/k8smeetup.github.io\/images\/docs\/services-userspace-overview.svg\\\" alt=\\\"userspace\u4ee3\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0bService\u6982\u89c8\u56fe\\\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 id=\\\"iptables-\u4ee3\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\\\"><span id=\\\"iptables\\\">iptables \u4ee3\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0ckube-proxy \u4f1a\u76d1\u89c6 Kubernetes master \u5bf9\u00a0Service\u00a0\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u00a0Endpoints\u00a0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u79fb\u9664\u3002 \u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u00a0Service\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5b89\u88c5 iptables \u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6355\u83b7\u5230\u8fbe\u8be5\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u00a0clusterIP\uff08\u865a\u62df IP\uff09\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4 backend \u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e0a\u9762\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u00a0Endpoints\u00a0\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5b89\u88c5 iptables \u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u5219\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a backend\u00a0Pod\u3002<br \/>\n\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a backend\u3002 \u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef IP \u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4eb2\u548c\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u00a0service.spec.sessionAffinity\u00a0\u7684\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u00a0\\&#8221;ClientIP\\&#8221;\u00a0\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3a\u00a0\\&#8221;None\\&#8221;\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u548c userspace \u4ee3\u7406\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5230\u8fbe\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684 IP:Port \u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684 backend\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u77e5\u9053\u5173\u4e8e Kubernetes\u3001Service\u3001\u6216\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 \u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u6bd4 userspace \u4ee3\u7406\u66f4\u5feb\u3001\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf userspace \u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u521d\u59cb\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u6ca1\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\uff0ciptables \u4ee3\u7406\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u91cd\u8bd5\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0Pod\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u00a0<a href=\\\"https:\/\/k8smeetup.github.io\/docs\/tasks\/configure-pod-container\/configure-liveness-readiness-probes\/#defining-readiness-probes\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\\\">readiness probes<\/a>\u3002<br \/>\n<img src=\\\"https:\/\/k8smeetup.github.io\/images\/docs\/services-iptables-overview.svg\\\" alt=\\\"iptables\u4ee3\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0bService\u6982\u89c8\u56fe\\\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 id=\\\"\u591a\u7aef\u53e3-service\\\"><span id=\\\"_Service-2\\\">\u591a\u7aef\u53e3 Service<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u5f88\u591a\u00a0Service\u00a0\u9700\u8981\u66b4\u9732\u591a\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0cKubernetes \u652f\u6301\u5728\u00a0Service\u00a0\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002 \u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed9\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837 Endpoint \u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6b67\u4e49\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<pre>kind: Service\napiVersion: v1\nmetadata:\n  name: my-service\nspec:\n    selector:\n      app: MyApp\n    ports:\n      - name: http\n        protocol: TCP\n        port: 80\n        targetPort: 9376\n      - name: https\n        protocol: TCP\n        port: 443\n        targetPort: 9377\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\\\"\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684-ip-\u5730\u5740\\\"><span id=\\\"_IP\\\">\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u00a0Service\u00a0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u00a0spec.clusterIP\u00a0\u5b57\u6bb5\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002 \u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u66ff\u6362\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684 DNS \u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9057\u7559\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684 IP \u4e14\u5f88\u96be\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u3002 \u7528\u6237\u9009\u62e9\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u5fc5\u987b\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a IP \u5730\u5740\u5728\u00a0service-cluster-ip-range\u00a0CIDR \u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9 API Server \u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u8bc6\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u3002 \u5982\u679c IP \u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\uff0cAPI Server \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de HTTP \u72b6\u6001\u7801 422\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u503c\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\\\"\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528-round-robin-dns\\\"><span id=\\\"_round-robin_DNS\\\">\u4e3a\u4f55\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 round-robin DNS\uff1f<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528 VIP \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684 round-robin DNS\uff0c\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0cDNS \u5e93\u90fd\u6ca1\u80fd\u8ba4\u771f\u5bf9\u5f85 DNS TTL\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u57df\u540d\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n<li>\u5f88\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u53ea\u67e5\u8be2\u4e00\u6b21 DNS \u5e76\u7f13\u5b58\u4e86\u7ed3\u679c\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c31\u7b97\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u5e93\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u67e5\u8be2\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53cd\u590d\u91cd\u89e3\u6790\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u96be\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u7684<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c3d\u529b\u963b\u6b62\u7528\u6237\u505a\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u597d\u5904\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u6765\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\\\"\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\\\"><span id=\\\"i\\\">\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Kubernetes \u652f\u63012\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u6a21\u5f0f \u2014\u2014 \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c DNS\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\\\"\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\\\"><span id=\\\"i-2\\\">\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u00a0Node\u00a0\u4e0a\uff0ckubelet \u4f1a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u00a0Service\u00a0\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u7ec4\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002 \u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u652f\u6301\u00a0Docker links\u517c\u5bb9\u00a0\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u67e5\u770b\u00a0makeLinkVariables\uff09\u3001\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u00a0{SVCNAME}_SERVICE_HOST\u00a0\u548c\u00a0{SVCNAME}_SERVICE_PORT\u00a0\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u9700\u5927\u5199\uff0c\u6a2a\u7ebf\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\u00a0\\&#8221;redis-master\\&#8221;\u00a0\u7684 Service \u66b4\u9732\u4e86 TCP \u7aef\u53e3 6379\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7ed9\u5b83\u5206\u914d\u4e86 Cluster IP \u5730\u5740 10.0.0.11\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a Service \u751f\u6210\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<pre>REDIS_MASTER_SERVICE_HOST=10.0.0.11\nREDIS_MASTER_SERVICE_PORT=6379\nREDIS_MASTER_PORT=tcp:\/\/10.0.0.11:6379\nREDIS_MASTER_PORT_6379_TCP=tcp:\/\/10.0.0.11:6379\nREDIS_MASTER_PORT_6379_TCP_PROTO=tcp\nREDIS_MASTER_PORT_6379_TCP_PORT=6379\nREDIS_MASTER_PORT_6379_TCP_ADDR=10.0.0.11\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9700\u8981\u6709\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u00a0\u2014\u2014\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u60f3\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u00a0Service\u00a0\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u3002DNS \u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\\\"dns\\\"><span id=\\\"DNS\\\">DNS<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\uff09\u96c6\u7fa4\u63d2\u4ef6\u00a0\u662f DNS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002 DNS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u89c6\u7740\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684 Kubernetes API\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0Service\u00a0\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u7ec4 DNS \u8bb0\u5f55\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6574\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684 DNS \u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u542f\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u7684\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u5bf9\u00a0Service\u00a0\u8fdb\u884c\u540d\u79f0\u89e3\u6790\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\u00a0\\&#8221;my-service\\&#8221;\u00a0\u7684\u00a0Service\uff0c\u5b83\u5728 Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u540d\u4e3a\u00a0\\&#8221;my-ns\\&#8221;\u00a0\u7684\u00a0Namespace\u00a0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u00a0\\&#8221;my-service.my-ns\\&#8221;\u00a0\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u6761 DNS \u8bb0\u5f55\u3002 \u5728\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\u00a0\\&#8221;my-ns\\&#8221;\u00a0\u7684\u00a0Namespace\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u79f0\u67e5\u8be2\u627e\u5230\u00a0\\&#8221;my-service\\&#8221;\u3002 \u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0Namespace\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u5fc5\u987b\u9650\u5b9a\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\u00a0\\&#8221;my-service.my-ns\\&#8221;\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u79f0\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f Cluster IP\u3002<br \/>\nKubernetes \u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u7aef\u53e3\u540d\u79f0\u7684 DNS SRV\uff08Service\uff09\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\u00a0\\&#8221;my-service.my-ns\\&#8221;\u00a0\u7684\u00a0Service\u00a0\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u00a0\\&#8221;http\\&#8221;\u00a0\u7684\u00a0TCP\u00a0\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u00a0\\&#8221;_http._tcp.my-service.my-ns\\&#8221;\u00a0\u6267\u884c DNS SRV \u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u00a0\\&#8221;http\\&#8221;\u00a0\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<br \/>\nKubernetes DNS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee ExternalName \u7c7b\u578b\u7684 Service \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\\\"headless-service\\\"><span id=\\\"Headless_Service\\\">Headless Service<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u6709\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6216\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5355\u72ec\u7684 Service IP\u3002 \u9047\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a Cluster IP\uff08spec.clusterIP\uff09\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u00a0\\&#8221;None\\&#8221;\u00a0\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u00a0Headless\u00a0Service\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u81ea\u7531\u5bfb\u627e\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e0e Kubernetes \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8026\u5408\u6027\u3002 \u5e94\u7528\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u9002\u914d\u5668\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a API \u6765\u6784\u5efa\u3002<br \/>\n\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7c7b\u00a0Service\u00a0\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5206\u914d Cluster IP\uff0ckube-proxy \u4e0d\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e73\u53f0\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u8def\u7531\u3002 DNS \u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u00a0Service\u00a0\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 selector\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\\\"\u914d\u7f6e-selector\\\"><span id=\\\"_Selector\\\">\u914d\u7f6e Selector<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u5bf9\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 selector \u7684 Headless Service\uff0cEndpoint \u63a7\u5236\u5668\u5728 API \u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u00a0Endpoints\u00a0\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4fee\u6539 DNS \u914d\u7f6e\u8fd4\u56de A \u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u5730\u5740\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u76f4\u63a5\u5230\u8fbe\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u00a0Pod\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\\\"\u4e0d\u914d\u7f6e-selector\\\"><span id=\\\"_Selector-2\\\">\u4e0d\u914d\u7f6e Selector<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u5bf9\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49 selector \u7684 Headless Service\uff0cEndpoint \u63a7\u5236\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u00a0Endpoints\u00a0\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002 \u7136\u800c DNS \u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ExternalName\u00a0\u7c7b\u578b Service \u7684 CNAME \u8bb0\u5f55\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a\u4e0e Service \u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u00a0Endpoints\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\\\"\u53d1\u5e03\u670d\u52a1--\u670d\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b\\\"><span id=\\\"i-3\\\">\u53d1\u5e03\u670d\u52a1 \u2014\u2014 \u670d\u52a1\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u5982 Frontend\uff09\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u90e8\uff08Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4\u5916\u90e8\uff09IP \u5730\u5740\u66b4\u9732 Service\u3002<br \/>\nKubernetes\u00a0ServiceTypes\u00a0\u5141\u8bb8\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u7684 Service\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u00a0ClusterIP\u00a0\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<br \/>\nType\u00a0\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u4ee5\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ClusterIP\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u5185\u90e8 IP \u66b4\u9732\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u8be5\u503c\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u53ea\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u96c6\u7fa4\u5185\u90e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u00a0ServiceType\u3002<\/li>\n<li>NodePort\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6bcf\u4e2a Node \u4e0a\u7684 IP \u548c\u9759\u6001\u7aef\u53e3\uff08NodePort\uff09\u66b4\u9732\u670d\u52a1\u3002NodePort\u00a0\u670d\u52a1\u4f1a\u8def\u7531\u5230\u00a0ClusterIP\u00a0\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u00a0ClusterIP\u00a0\u670d\u52a1\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6c42\u00a0&lt;NodeIP&gt;:&lt;NodePort&gt;\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0NodePort\u00a0\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>LoadBalancer\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e91\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5c40\u8861\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u5916\u90e8\u66b4\u9732\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u8def\u7531\u5230\u00a0NodePort\u00a0\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u00a0ClusterIP\u00a0\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<li>ExternalName\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd4\u56de\u00a0CNAME\u00a0\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u00a0externalName\u00a0\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u00a0foo.bar.example.com\uff09\u3002 \u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee3\u7406\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u6709 Kubernetes 1.7 \u6216\u66f4\u9ad8\u7248\u672c\u7684\u00a0kube-dns\u00a0\u624d\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\\\"nodeport-\u7c7b\u578b\\\"><span id=\\\"NodePort\\\">NodePort \u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u00a0type\u00a0\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u00a0\\&#8221;NodePort\\&#8221;\uff0cKubernetes master \u5c06\u4ece\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\uff1a30000-32767\uff09\u5206\u914d\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a Node \u5c06\u4ece\u8be5\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u6bcf\u4e2a Node \u4e0a\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\u4ee3\u7406\u5230\u00a0Service\u3002\u8be5\u7aef\u53e3\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u00a0spec.ports[*].nodePort\u00a0\u5b57\u6bb5\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u3002<br \/>\n\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\u00a0nodePort\u00a0\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u5206\u914d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8c03\u7528 API \u5c06\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff09\u3002<br \/>\n\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u5b89\u88c5\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e Kubernetes \u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u652f\u6301\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u66b4\u9732\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a Node \u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002<br \/>\n\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cService \u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u00a0&lt;NodeIP&gt;:spec.ports[*].nodePort\u00a0\u548c\u00a0spec.clusterIp:spec.ports[*].port\u00a0\u800c\u5bf9\u5916\u53ef\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\\\"loadbalancer-\u7c7b\u578b\\\"><span id=\\\"LoadBalancer\\\">LoadBalancer \u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u652f\u6301\u5916\u90e8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u7684\u4e91\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u00a0type\u00a0\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u00a0\\&#8221;LoadBalancer\\&#8221;\uff0c\u5c06\u4e3a\u00a0Service\u00a0\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u3002 \u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u521b\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u88ab\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5c06\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u00a0status.loadBalancer\u00a0\u5b57\u6bb5\u88ab\u53d1\u5e03\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<pre>kind: Service\napiVersion: v1\nmetadata:\n  name: my-service\nspec:\n  selector:\n    app: MyApp\n  ports:\n    - protocol: TCP\n      port: 80\n      targetPort: 9376\n      nodePort: 30061\n  clusterIP: 10.0.171.239\n  loadBalancerIP: 78.11.24.19\n  type: LoadBalancer\nstatus:\n  loadBalancer:\n    ingress:\n      - ip: 146.148.47.155\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u90e8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u6253\u5230 backend\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e91\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u3002 \u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u00a0loadBalancerIP\u00a0\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u3002 \u67d0\u4e9b\u4e91\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u00a0loadBalancerIP\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbe\u7f6e\u00a0loadBalancerIP\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u7ed9\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u6307\u6d3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6 IP\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u00a0loadBalancerIP\uff0c\u4f46\u4e91\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u5e76\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u00a0loadBalancerIP\u00a0\u503c\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\\\"aws-\u5185\u90e8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\\\"><span id=\\\"AWS\\\">AWS \u5185\u90e8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u6df7\u5408\u4e91\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4ece\u865a\u62df\u79c1\u6709\u4e91\uff08VPC\uff09\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u8def\u7531\u6d41\u91cf\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u00a0Service\u00a0\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u00a0annotation\u00a0\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<pre>[...]\nmetadata:\n    name: my-service\n    annotations:\n        service.beta.kubernetes.io\/aws-load-balancer-internal: 0.0.0.0\/0\n[...]\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5728\u6c34\u5e73\u5206\u5272\u7684 DNS \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u00a0Service\u00a0\u6765\u5c06\u5916\u90e8\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u8def\u7531\u5230 Endpoint \u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\\\"aws-ssl-\u652f\u6301\\\"><span id=\\\"AWS_SSL\\\">AWS SSL \u652f\u6301<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u5bf9\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 AWS \u4e0a\u90e8\u5206\u652f\u6301 SSL \u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u4ece 1.3 \u7248\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u00a0LoadBalancer\u00a0\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u00a0Service\u00a0\u589e\u52a0\u4e24\u4e2a annotation\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<pre>    metadata:\n      name: my-service\n      annotations:\n        service.beta.kubernetes.io\/aws-load-balancer-ssl-cert: arn:aws:acm:us-east-1:123456789012:certificate\/12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a annotation \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u53d1\u884c\u5546\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bc1\u4e66\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230 IAM\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7531 AWS \u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<pre>    metadata:\n      name: my-service\n      annotations:\n         service.beta.kubernetes.io\/aws-load-balancer-backend-protocol: (https|http|ssl|tcp)\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a annotation \u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002 \u5bf9\u4e8e HTTPS \u548c SSL\uff0cELB \u5c06\u671f\u671b\u8be5\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc1\u81ea\u8eab\u3002<br \/>\nHTTP \u548c HTTPS \u5c06\u9009\u62e97\u5c42\u4ee3\u7406\uff1aELB \u5c06\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5f53\u8f6c\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u89e3\u6790 Header \u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0a\u7528\u6237\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\uff08Pod\u00a0\u5c06\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u770b\u5230\u8be5 IP \u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<br \/>\nTCP \u548c SSL \u5c06\u9009\u62e94\u5c42\u4ee3\u7406\uff1aELB \u5c06\u8f6c\u53d1\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539 Header \u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\\\"\u5916\u90e8-ip\\\"><span id=\\\"_IP-2\\\">\u5916\u90e8 IP<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5916\u90e8\u7684 IP \u8def\u7531\u5230\u96c6\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a Node \u4e0a\uff0cKubernetes\u00a0Service\u00a0\u4f1a\u88ab\u66b4\u9732\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u00a0externalIPs\u3002 \u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u90e8 IP\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\uff09\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u6253\u5230\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u8def\u7531\u5230\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684 Endpoint \u4e0a\u3002\u00a0externalIPs\u00a0\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab Kubernetes \u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5b83\u5c5e\u4e8e\u96c6\u7fa4\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u8303\u7574\u3002<br \/>\n\u6839\u636e\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0cexternalIPs\u00a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u00a0ServiceType\u00a0\u6765\u4e00\u8d77\u6307\u5b9a\u3002 \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cmy-service\u00a0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 80.11.12.10:80\uff08\u5916\u90e8 IP:\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\u4e0a\u88ab\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<div>\n<pre>kind: Service\napiVersion: v1\nmetadata:\n  name: my-service\nspec:\n  selector:\n    app: MyApp\n  ports:\n    - name: http\n      protocol: TCP\n      port: 80\n      targetPort: 9376\n  externalIPs:\n    - 80.11.12.10\n<\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\\\"\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904\\\"><span id=\\\"i-4\\\">\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u4e3a VIP \u4f7f\u7528 userspace \u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5c06\u53ea\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u5230\u4e2d\u578b\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e0a\u5343\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u5927\u578b\u96c6\u7fa4\u3002 \u67e5\u770b\u00a0<a href=\\\"http:\/\/issue.k8s.io\/1107\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\\\">\u6700\u521d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848<\/a>\u00a0\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f7f\u7528 userspace \u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u9690\u85cf\u4e86\u8bbf\u95ee\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u6e90 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002 \u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 iptables \u4ee3\u7406\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9690\u85cf Kubernetes \u96c6\u7fa4\u5185\u90e8\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u8981\u6c42\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\u6216 Node \u7aef\u53e3\u3002<br \/>\nType\u00a0\u5b57\u6bb5\u652f\u6301\u5d4c\u5957\u529f\u80fd \u2014\u2014 \u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u91cc\u9762\u3002 \u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e25\u683c\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u4e91\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cGCE \u5c31\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0LoadBalancer\u00a0\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u800c\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u00a0NodePort\uff0c\u4f46\u662f AWS \u9700\u8981 \uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u524d API \u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\\\"\u672a\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c\\\"><span id=\\\"i-5\\\">\u672a\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u672a\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u9884\u89c1\u5230\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u6bd4\u7b80\u5355\u7684 round-robin \u5747\u8861\u7b56\u7565\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 master \u9009\u4e3e\u6216\u5206\u7247\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u00a0Service\u00a0\u5c06\u5177\u6709 \u201c\u771f\u6b63\u201d \u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b VIP \u5c06\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<br \/>\n\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u7b97\u4e3a L7\uff08HTTP\uff09Service\u00a0\u6539\u8fdb\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<br \/>\n\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u7b97\u4e3a\u00a0Service\u00a0\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u00a0Service\u00a0\u5305\u542b\u5f53\u524d\u00a0ClusterIP\u3001NodePort\u00a0\u548c\u00a0LoadBalancer\u00a0\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\\\"vip-\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u9a87\u4eba\u542c\u95fb\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\\\"><span id=\\\"VIP\\\">VIP \u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u9a87\u4eba\u542c\u95fb\u7684\u7ec6\u8282<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u5bf9\u5f88\u591a\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0Service\u00a0\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5e94\u8be5\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5185\u90e8\u539f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u503c\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\\\"\u907f\u514d\u51b2\u7a81\\\"><span id=\\\"i-6\\\">\u907f\u514d\u51b2\u7a81<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Kubernetes 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&raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":""},"categories":[104,123],"tags":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"mailpoet_newsletter_max":false,"woocommerce_thumbnail":false,"woocommerce_single":false,"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":false,"shop_catalog":false,"shop_single":false,"shop_thumbnail":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"weijing","author_link":"http:\/\/www.weijing.co\/?author=4"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Kubernetes\u00a0Pod\u00a0\u662f\u6709\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u751f\u547d\u5c31\u6c38\u8fdc\u7ed3\u675f\u3002 \u901a&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.weijing.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1591"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.weijing.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.weijing.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.weijing.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.weijing.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1591"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.weijing.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1591\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.weijing.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.weijing.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.weijing.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}